Process and device for making concrete structures



Feb. 19, 1952 F. ANToNELLo 2,586,413

PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR MAKING CONCRETE STRUCTURES Filed June 7, 194'? 2 SHEETS- SHEET 1 @wf/efec ,4s/ravin@ A fram/fg Feb. 19, 1952 F. ANTONELLO PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR MAKING CONCRETE STRUCTURES HEET 2 mail 2 SHEETS Filed June '7, 1947 Patented Feb. 19, 1952 PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR MAKING CONCRETE STRUCTURES f Federico Antonello, Rebbo, `Italy Application June 7, 1947, serial No. 753,204

In Italy June 22, 1946 (Cl. y25-118) 6 Claims.

For the construction of underground ways,

difficult and expensive.

This invention relates to a proecss for vthe production of such-articles consisting of reinforced concrete based upon the fact that such articles are constructed by placing firstly the concrete for the walls ina thin layer upon a level door and after allowing to stand for a short time such Walls are folded over one towards the other, then cement paste is used to seal along the corners formed by the folding; or else using suitable moulds-and counter-moulds, by placing'the concrete in a thin layer upon a surface without discontinuity for the whole development of the walls of the product and then by proceeding rapidly With the packing Ain such manner as to obtain a monolithic product which in correspondence with the edges .offers no discontinuity for soldering.

Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 show a few sections of products obtainable with the presentinvention.

Figs. 5 and '6 show two types of .faces one fiat, one with trellis.

Fig. '7 Shows the metallic armouring arranged flat.

Figs. 8 and 9 represent one of the methods of procedure.

Figs.. 10 and llrepersent in planand in section, a flat mould.

Fig. 12 shows the casting in the said mould.

Fig. 13 shows the casting reversed upona support capable of deformation.

Figs; 11 and 15 show respectively a mould partly folded and its method of use.

Figs. 16 and 17 represent aplan anda sideview of amould in unfolded position.

Figs. 18 and 19 show in plan and in section a llet for obtaining .thegrcove (channel).

Figs. 20-21-22 show the method of using such a mould.

Figs. 23 and 24 show in plan and in section another type of mould.

Figs. 25 and 26 show in plan and in section a holding-up tool.

Figs. 27 and 28 are two views'of a clamping means for connectingY envelope means with con-- crete holding means.

Figs'. 29, .530, ..31 .-32 illustrate@ adevice. Yhaving envelope means and holding means in diierent operating positions.

Fig. 33 is a section of the product obtained-by the method of procedure according to Figs. 29, 30, 31, 32.

The type Yof section of the products madeaccording to the present invention may have uniform wall thickness (Figs. 3 and 4) and although the article itself may present tracings or swellings towards the outside (Fig. 1), or towards vthe inside (Fig. 2) arranged in any manner.

It may be desired for example to construct the tubular product with more simple section, that is with closed triangular section with full Walls and uniform thickness (Figs. 3 and 5) Such a casting may be made firstly on a flat surface in three elements 2 connected (Fig. 8) contained by fillets I.

Such connected element 2 will constitute the walls of the product and in correspondence with the future verticals a suitable furrow is left 3 to allow of later packing.

Such future walls 2 are furnished with ametallic armouring which may be of the type shown in Fig. 7 in which the bars I2 are arranged longitudinally to the product and the bars 5 represent transversal attachments although this may be constituted of a metal network covering al1 three of the elements 2, although the three elements 2 may be cast separately but with metallic rarmour-- Ving constructed in such manner as to allow :the

positioning of the irons 5 projecting from fthe elements before the packing.

After suflicient hardening of the concrete of the walls 2, along the furrows 3 or resultingfrom the approximation of the three elements 2 cast separately but provided with armouring, cement paste 4 is run and successively the lateral walls 2 are packed on the element 2, lower element, makingI a pivot at 3 in such manner as to `close the triangular element (Fig. 9). v 1

Thecorner of the .top part formed by the walls 2, after the fastening of the ironsV 5 projecting from the elements, must be sealed with cement paste 6 (Fig.9)

'Ihe triangular section product may be more suitably made with the help of the appropriate mould (Figs. 1o and 11) in which the furrows 3 are drawn kin the' casting of the projection 'lof the mould itself. u

Once the casting is made' after thehardening (Fig. 12) it is'r-eversed.(Fig`. 13) andwith th'e'aid if required of shaken-out' moulds (Fig. 14-)may be furnished with suitable hinges 8 and the packing is d'onevwith sealing-l of the" corners'with 3 paste 4 as described for the production without the use of special moulds (Fig. 15).

An improvement in the moulds which may be indispensable for the construction of products which are less simple than those with triangular section, although the walls may be trellised or may be of such consistency as to render the packing diflicult without prejudicing the integration of the elements 2, is indicated in Figs. 16 and 1'?. In these iigures the mould (provided that the element is still constructed with triangular section as in Fig. 3) is divided into three parts 9 provided with hinges I0.

When the elements 2 are placed over the same,

l considering the new particular shape of the mould and its manner of operation, the furrow 3 between the walls may be left fairly large without. during the packing, any displacements being able to take place which could prejudice the consistency and integration of the product which it .is desired to construct.

In order to obtain the furrow 3 in such moulds fillets ll are provided before the casting (Figs, 18 and 19).

Such a mould as the preceding one is constructed so as to allow the inclusion of iron armouring parts and the longitudinal bars l2 which for reasons of resistance and production must be included.

Systemising such ttings (armourings) in the moulds requires suitable furrows i3 to be provided.

When the casting is made as shown in Fig. 20 and is left to stand for a short time corresponding to the furrows 3, obtained with the use of the llets l, then as usual cement paste d is applied and longitudinal bars l2 may be provided and then the mould is packed upon the same (Fig. 22) the top corner being suitably sealed with paste 6 for the fitting of the lateral walls` After the hardening of the cement paste introduced between the cast walls the product may be shaken out of the mould.

A mould which has more recently been perfected and which allows of obtaining a monolithic reinforced concrete structure is shown in Figs. 23 and 24 equipped with the holding-up tools resulting from Figs. 25, 26, 2'7, 28.

The mould (Fig. 23) is identical with that described previously, that is, is divided into three parts 9 furnished with hinges lil except in this case, in the lateral parts 9, apertures I4 are left to allow of the passage of wedges (Figs. 27 and Once the casting is made without any discontinuity in correspondence with the corners, the longitudinal and transversal armourings l2 and 5 are provided and metal network as previously described (Fig. 29) over the casting itself corresponding to the two lateral walls, is provided and two holding-up tools l5 are provided. These, shown in Figs. 25 and 26 are constituted of one or more elements consisting of wood or other material eventually provided with hinges I6 through which are left apertures I4 corresponding to those provided in the lateral walls 9 of the arrangement.

Such holding-up tools are supported on the casting and are iixed through the apertures i4 with clamps I'I shown in Figs. 2'7 and 28.

.When this last operation is lcompleted the lateral walls of the envelope 9 and of the casting contained between the same and the holding-up tools are folded back as shown in Fig. 3l. The concrete. still fresh, along the lower cor- 4l ners is shaken out and the upper corner, by' contact and pressure of the lateral walls 2 is automatically soldered.

Once the casting is made and when the concrete is hardened, the wedges or clamps l1 are removed and the holding-up tools l5 are eX- tracted for if they are shaken out they may be caused to fall inside the hardened product as indicated in Fig. 32 in order readily to be shaken out.

The lateral walls 9 of the envelope are then opened and the casting is liberated from the molding device. The element thus constructed (Fig. 33) is monolithic and its construction is more economical than when using the moulds and manufacturing system previously described.

The production of castings with triangular sections and the special examples referring to the same have now been described, but it will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art that with suitable modiiications by means of this manufacturing process, products with closed or open polygonal section with two or more sides or with continuous curve, may be constructed.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is:

1. The process of producing longitudinal hollow concrete elements, comprising pouring a plurality of dat concrete slabs placed in spaced relation alongside one another, allowing the concrete to set, pouring cement paste into the spaces between the slabs, folding the resultant iiat body by bending the cement paste in the spaces between the slabs, and allowing the cement in said spaces to harden.

2. A device for producing box-shaped concrete elements having open ends, said device comprising enevelope means consisting of a number of first panels having adjacent edges and hinge means interconnecting the adjacent edges, said envelope means being placed in a plane for pouring a iiat layer of concrete thereupon, an equal number of second panels smaller than and of a shape similar to that of said first panels and placed on top of the concrete individually opposite the first panels, and removable clamping means for clamping two opposite panels together, said envelope means being folded about its hinge means for bending the concrete held thereto by the first panels to the desired configuration.

3. A device for producing laterally closed, boxshaped concrete elements having open ends, said device comprising envelope means consisting of a plurality of panels having edges hinged together and two extreme lateral free edges, said envelope means being placed in a plane for pouring a flat layer of concrete thereupon, collapsible holding means placed on top of the concrete individually opposite said panels, and removable clamping means for individually clamping the holding means in uncollapsed condition to its opposite panel, said envelope means being folded about its hinged edges for bending the concrete to the desired configuration and bringing the free edges together, and said clamping means being removed for collapsing said holding means and withdrawing same through an open end of the finished concrete element.

4. A device as defined in claim 3, said holding means each consisting of two panels having two adjacent lateral edges and having together, in a plane position, a shape similar to and a size smaller than that of the opposite panel of the envelope means, hinges connecting the adjacent lateral edges and permitting folding of the panels or" the holding means from plane position to one side only, and said clamping means extending between said adjacent edges.

5. The process of producing a hollow longitudinal concrete element having an angular cross-section and open ends, comprising the steps of pouring a at layer of concrete on a flattened foldable mold having longitudinally hinged panels, placing longitudinal flat holding panels on the concrete opposite the mold panels in parallel relation to and laterally spaced from the longitudinal hinges of the mold, connecting opcross-section and open ends, comprising the steps of pouring a flat layer of concrete on a ilattened foldable mold having longitudinally hinged panels, placing longitudinally foldable longitudinal holding panels in unfolded condition on the concrete opposite the mold panels in parallel relation to and laterally spaced from the longitudinal hinges of the mold, folding the mold and the concrete therewith, allowing the concrete to harden, folding the holding panels and removing them from the concrete element through an open end thereof, and unfolding and removing the mold.

FEDERICO ANTONELLO.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 502,196 Kieserling et al. July 25, 1893 1,276,624 Cummings Aug. 20, 1918 1,457,999 Pedersen June 5, 1923 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 22,096 Denmark Apr. 30, 1917 536,157 Germany Oct. 20, 1931 

